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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Comparative Review of Theoretical Possibilities of Applying Theories of Cultural Variety (Liberalism, Post-Liberalism, Relativism, and Communitarianism)
          سید جواد امام جمعه
        Against predictions and despite the progressive developments in communication technologies, not only contemporary human societies are not becoming completely homogeneous, but also the identities, different life styles and also ethical and religious minorities which were More
        Against predictions and despite the progressive developments in communication technologies, not only contemporary human societies are not becoming completely homogeneous, but also the identities, different life styles and also ethical and religious minorities which were up to some decades ago in danger of extinction and losing their identities forever, they are raising again using today facilities and technologies and attempt to express their modes of distinction for others and hence, they can preserve their right to protect their traditions and act based on them for themselves. In this arena, the quality of interactions and mutual and just relations between identities, cultures, minorities and majorities with each other is an issue for which different theories are provided, most of which are taken from the liberal culture and their normative dimensions is related to society and culture. The current article attempts to understand this issue that which of these theories have more theoretical possibilities to become operational in multi-cultural societies? In this comparative and critical review of the most significant approaches and theories of cultural variety like liberal, post-liberal, relativism, and Communitarianism, it seems that Communitarianism approach may have more theoretical possibilities to become operational in multi-cultural societies. The current research applied the descriptive and analytic method and library resources to answer its question. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Analyzing "The Political" in Cyberspace From Arendt's Perspective *
           
        As we are convinced about the role and impact of cyberspace and online social networks in human life today, we are more or less equally skeptical about the possibilities, capabilities, and effectiveness of cyberspace for political, democratic and civic change. Particula More
        As we are convinced about the role and impact of cyberspace and online social networks in human life today, we are more or less equally skeptical about the possibilities, capabilities, and effectiveness of cyberspace for political, democratic and civic change. Particularly in the area of political theory, we need to think carefully about cyberspace through the wisdom and political theories to gain a proper understanding of the possibilities of online social networking for politics. This article is a research on the political possibilities of online social networks and evaluating the political implications of cyberspace from an Arendt perspective and its possible placement in the public domain or a virtual agora in relation to Arendt's concepts and minutes of politics. In this assessment, we analyze Hannah Arendt's perception of the political and try to clarify whether virtual social networks can facilitate real political action in a meaningful way or not. In other words, Are virtual networks for politics, opportunity or anti-political and threat? This study shows that while politics from Arendt perspective is inter-disciplinary, pluralistic, participatory, linguistic and dialogic, cyberspace and online social networks are more dominant in personal desires and livelihoods, inappropriateness, overcoming. The social, homogeneous and anti-pluralistic features make their political possibilities in serious doubt. Manuscript profile