Citizenship

Open Access Article

1 - Transition from Agency of Actors to Citizenship Preparation for Inadequacy of Philanthropist Principles of Capability Approach
A m saeed nariman

Although Amartya Sens capability approach initially emerged in academic area as a critique to normative and ethical economic foundations, especially welfare economics in 1980s, it has been employed extensively in the context of human development. One of the main concern More

Although Amartya Sens capability approach initially emerged in academic area as a critique to normative and ethical economic foundations, especially welfare economics in 1980s, it has been employed extensively in the context of human development. One of the main concerns of this approach was the marginalization of human being from the axis of development and well-being and its main critique to others was to consider human as a passive being. Some critics have suggested that, although this approach attempted to introduce a new concept of human beings in economic area, it could not go beyond the current economical human of economics and it just provided more humane conception of development than development for human beings. The majority of criticisms of anthropological basis of Sens approach include three critiques of misinterpretation of human notion, being pre-socio political and methodological individualism. In this paper it's attempted to response to these three critiques based on the definition of agency which Sen has expanded in his approach and then design a theoretical-philosophical agency for misinterpretation anthropological foundation of capability approach by transition from agency (of actors) to citizenship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Explaining the Impact of Web2.0 Technologies on Government Performance
saeedeh moradifar n sh

20.1001.1.20085796.1399.12.28.2.3

Today, because of the development of communication and information technologies, the world in which we live is called the virtual world. This virtual world is heavily influenced by "Web2.0 technologies". Web2.0 technology refers to electronic and Internet media that can More

Today, because of the development of communication and information technologies, the world in which we live is called the virtual world. This virtual world is heavily influenced by "Web2.0 technologies". Web2.0 technology refers to electronic and Internet media that can increase citizen participation in various affairs, in particular, political affairs. This technology as a second generation of Internet services has a social dimension that emanates in the form of social media, and therefore the impact of these technologies on the performance of the government is important. This article seeks to answer this question: What impact Web2.0 technologies can have on government performance? And how it affects the government? The hypothesis of the article suggests that Web 2.0 technologies potentially transformed the way and function of the traditional government and led to the emergence of a new kind of government. In the literature on communications and politics science, this kind of government is referred to as the "web.2.0 government". This study shows that Web2.0 leads to an increase in the level of government performance. Indeed, government 2.0 has not only influenced by the integration of new communication and information technologies but also benefited from the effects of these technologies. The mechanisms by which the web2.0 technologies increase the level of government performance are: Creating open culture, increasing citizen participation, promoting government transparency, citizen-centered government, and promoting democracy. In this paper, the question and research hypothesis has been evaluated using library resources and the descriptive-analytic method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The European Medieval Conception of Citizenship: Individualistic or Collectivistic?
seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti

As Europe entered the Middle Ages and the emergence of a Christian otherworldly perspective together with its individualistic and universalistic nature, the view on the Man and his status, both concerning the society and the state, transformed dramatically. The transfor More

As Europe entered the Middle Ages and the emergence of a Christian otherworldly perspective together with its individualistic and universalistic nature, the view on the Man and his status, both concerning the society and the state, transformed dramatically. The transformation had its effects on the conception of citizenship inherited from ancient Greece and Rome. The classical and more or less still dominated view on the history of social and intellectual developments of that period, offers an image according to which the spread of Christianity resulted in merging individuality into the community. Here I try to show, through relying on recent and less biased historical researches, that the classical interpretation that views the period as the fading individualism in favor of a collectivism emerged from the teachings of Christianity, the assimilatory political culture dominated early western modern societies, spring from the Renascence and then Enlightenment rather than the Christian culture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Citizenship as the Normative Implication of Phronetic Development
عباس منوچهری saeed nariman

20.1001.1.20085796.1399.12.28.8.9

The relationship between political philosophy and development, as the creation of conditions that would lead to "life betterment", was marginalized in the beginnings of the development of modern political thought. Due to the influence of ideas such as utilitarianism and More

The relationship between political philosophy and development, as the creation of conditions that would lead to "life betterment", was marginalized in the beginnings of the development of modern political thought. Due to the influence of ideas such as utilitarianism and the market economy, the twentieth century witnessed the re-emergence of the concept of development as growth. The mentioned concept claimed what civic/political knowledge sought from the beginning, namely "Good living". This paper is an attempt to rebalance this situation by developing a theory of phronetic development based on the Aristotelian concept of phronesis. Using an implicative approach, the paper argues for using the concept of citizenship as the normative implication of phronetic development. In order to do so, the paper deconstructs economic growth theory, exposes its reductionist conception of development, and reestablishes the link between moral philosophy, economy, politics, and development. In this conception, democracy as public reasoning, participation as empowering citizens' phronesis, and freedom are the main constitutive elements of phronetic development. Therefore, appropriate policies and measures should be put in place to promote citizenship that induces phronetic development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Citizenship" as an Alternative to "Alienation from the World": Based on the Ideas of Hannah Arendt
Azadeh Shabani Abbas Manouchehri

One of the fundamental problems of modern societies is the problem of "alienation"; For this reason, the analysis and explanation of this problem appears in the studies of many thinkers. Hannah Arendt is one of the political thinkers who, on the one hand, has considered More

One of the fundamental problems of modern societies is the problem of "alienation"; For this reason, the analysis and explanation of this problem appears in the studies of many thinkers. Hannah Arendt is one of the political thinkers who, on the one hand, has considered the alienation of modern human in her studies, and on the other hand, has re-read and explained the concept of citizenship in its classical sense which is related to action. In this essay, after explaining the two concepts of "alienation from the world" and "citizenship" by Hannah Arendt, an attempt is made to answer the question of whether Arendt's theory of citizenship can be considered as an alternative to the situation of alienation from the world of modern human. It also claims that, in contrast to the alienation of modern human, Arendt's desirable human condition can be realized in terms of citizenship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Mashrooteh Constitution and its Supplement: The Manifestation of “Citizenship” and “Republicanism”
attaallah karimzadeh abbas manochehri Sohrab Yazdani

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The Mashrooteh Constitution   and its Supplement: The Manifestation of “Citizenship” and “Republicanism”       Attaullah Karimzadeh<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Abbas Manouchehri<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Sohrab Yazdani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>       The Constitutional (Mashrooteh) Period is considered the most important period in modern Iranian history concerning modernity. During this period, the Western world was not solely viewed in terms of its material and technological advancements but was also noted for its modern ideas and thoughts in various intellectual, political, and social forms. Although the concepts of "citizenship" and "republicanism" were not explicitly utilized in the text of the constitutional and its supplementary laws, this does not signify a lack of understanding of them among constitutionalists. Despite the historical traditions of "shari'a" and "monarchy" in Iran grappling with new concepts and defending their own existence, efforts were made within the constitutional and supplementary laws to preserve their influence and power by legalizing and institutionalizing them. Consequently, what transpired was the encounter of the ideas of "citizenship" and "republicanism," which meant emancipation from subjects' status and empowerment, leading to tension between the two main intellectual currents, resulting in resistance and diminishing reception. These concepts not only failed to institutionalize in the administrative realm but also did not develop substantially on a theoretical level.       Keywords: Citizenship, Republic, Mashroteh, Constitution, Supplement. <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Corresponding Author: Ph.D. Student of Political Thoughts, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. atakarimzadeh@yahoo.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Professor of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. Amanoocheri@yahoo.com </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Retired Associate Professor, Department of History, Kharazmi University, Iran. yazdanis1948@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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