the analysing of institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems
Subject Areas : Research in Theoritical Politicsmajid piruz 1 , seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti 2 * , مسعود غفاری 3 , Farshad Momeni 4
1 - PH.D in Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
3 - Retired Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
4 - Professor, Department of Economic Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Iran.
Keywords: Political Party, quasi- democratic systems, institutionalization, entrepreneur party. ,
Abstract :
The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political parties. What is most evident in such systems is the formation of groups centering on prominent individuals and, in effect, changing to mere means to expand their influence. In this study, such parties are recognized as‘entrepreneur parties.’ The hypothesis is the short-comingsconcerned withpolitical culture, laws, regulations, and criteria of judgement, and the performance of political competition, leading to the formation of theentrepreneur party, an organization that does not benefit from the institutional tradition and continue to exist only under prominent figures. In this study, the descriptive-analytical method is based on library data.The aim of this paper is to introducethe comprehensive set of institutional arrangements in quasi-democratic systems that affect the nature of political parties’ organizations and to provide a better understanding of the party-centered relations in quasi-democratic systems.
اوتاوی، مارینا (1386) گذار به دموکراسی یا شبه¬اقتدارگرایی، ترجمه سعید میرترابی، تهران، قومس.
بشیریه، حسین (1386) گذار به مردم¬سالاری (گفتارهای نظری)، تهران، نگاه معاصر.
پیترز، گای (1386) نظریه نهادگرایی در علم سیاست، ترجمه فرشاد مؤمنی و فریبا مؤمنی، تهران، جهاد دانشگاهی.
رینولدز، آندرو و دیگران (1390) دانشنامه نظام‌های انتخاباتی، ترجمه ابوذر رفیعی قهساره، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
سریع¬القلم، محمود (1389) فرهنگ سیاسی ایران، تهران، فرزان روز.
عجم¬اوغلو، دارون و جیمزای رابینسون (1397) چرا ملت¬ها شکست می¬خورند؟: ریشه‌های قدرت، ثروت و فقر، ترجمه محسن میردامادی و محمدحسین نعیمی¬پور، چاپ هشتم، تهران، روزنه.
عمید، حسن (1389) فرهنگ فارسی عمید، تهران، راه رشد.
معین، محمد (1386) فرهنگ معین، گردآورنده عزیزالله علیزاده، چاپ چهارم، تهران، ادنا.
مولر، یان ورنر (1397) پوپولیسم چیست؟ ترجمه بابک واحدی، چاپ دوم، تهران، بیدگل.
میخلز، رابرت (1385) جامعه¬شناسی احزاب سیاسی، ترجمه احمد نقیب¬زاده، چاپ دوم، تهران، قومس.
وبر، ماکس (1390) دانشمند و سیاست¬مدار، ترجمه احمد نقیب¬زاده، تهران، علم.
Almond, Gabriel & Verba (1965) Sidney, Civic Culture, Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Duverger, Maurice (1990) Caucus and Branch, Cadre Parties and Mass Parties, In: Mair, Peter, The West European Party Systems, Oxford University Press.
Heinisch, Reinhard & Mazzoleni (2016)Oscar, Understanding Populist Party Organisation: The Radical Right in Western Europe, Palgrave Macmillan.
Hicken, Allen (2009) Building Party Systems in Developing Democracies, Cambridge University Press.
Huntington, Samuel (1973) Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, Seventh Printing.
Katz, Richard S & Crotty (2006) William, Handbook of Party Politics, London, Sage Publications, First Published.
LaPalombara, Joseph and Weiner (1969) Myron, Political Parties and Political Development, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, First Princeton Paperback Printing.
Lowndes, Viven & Roberts (2013) Mark, Why Institutions Matter: The New Institutionalism in Political Science, First Published, Palgrave Macmillan.
Mainwaring, Scott (1989) ‘Transitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation: Theoretical and Comparative Issues’, Working Paper ≠ 130, November.
------------------------ (1999) Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil, Stanford University Press.
Mainwaring, Scott & Bejarano (2006) Ana Maria & Leongomez, Edvardo Pizarro, The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes, Stanford University Press.
Mainwaring, Scott & Torcal, Mariano (2005) ‘Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory after the Third Wave of Democratization’, Working Paper ≠ 319, April.
Meleshevich, Andrey (2007) A. Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries: A Comparative Study of Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine, Palgrave Macmillan, First Published.
Muller, Wolfgang C & Narud, Hanne (2013) Marthe, Party Governance and Party Democracy, Springer.
North, Douglass Cecil (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press, First Published.
North, Douglass Cecil (2005) Understanding the Process of Economic Change, Princeton University Press.
North, Douglass C & Wallis, John Joseph & Weingast, Barry (2009) R, Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History, Cambridge University Press, First Published.
Panebianco, Angelo (1988) Political Parties: Organization and Power, Translated by Marc Silver, Cambridge University Press.
Przeworski, Adam (1995) Sustainable Democracy. Cambridge University Press, First Published.
Pye, Lucian, W, Politi (1969) Culture and Political Development, Princeton University Press.
Scheiner, Ethan (2006) Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State, Cambridge University Press.
Webb, Paul & White, Stephen (2007) Party Politics in New Democracies, Oxford University Press, First Published.
Wolinetz, Steven B. Parties and Party (1988) Systems in Liberal Democracies, First published, Routledge.
2-2) Essays.