مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوری پژوهش سیاست نظری 2008-5796 18 34 2024 9 18 Crisis of Representation and the Rise of Social Movements: A Comparative Analysis of New Social Movements and Populist Movements بحران نمایندگی و ظهور جنبش‌های اجتماعی: تحلیل تطبیقی جنبش‌های اجتماعی جدید و پوپولیستی 29 59 fa سلامه قلی پور خطیر دانشگاه مازندران محسن عباس‌زاده مرزبالی دانشگاه تهران محمدتقی قزلسفلی دانشگاه مازندران 2023 5 28     Crisis of Representation and the Rise of Social Movements: A Comparative Analysis of New Social Movements and Populist Movements    Salame Qolipour Khatir <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Mohsen Abbaszadeh Marzbali <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Mohammad Taghi Qezelsofla<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   In recent decades, we have witnessed the emergence of various social movements in Western liberal democracies. These movements have their roots in a crisis of representation, which refers to the gap between citizens' aspirations and decision-making institutions in representative democracies. The aim of the present study is to investigate this crisis and conduct a comparative analysis of the characteristics of two dominant types of movements that have emerged in response to this crisis. The main question of the article is to explore the similarities and differences between late social movements in Western liberal democracies. In response, the hypothesis of the article posits that in circumstances where the emergence of new social and populist movements in the West can be viewed in response to the crisis of representation in the institutional structure of Western liberal democracies, these two types of movements differ in terms of ideology, organization, leadership, and perception of an ideal political society. To justify this hypothesis, a combined conceptual framework is employed, consisting of the elements of "politics of identity" and the dualism of pluralism and unity. According to this framework, the common element of late social movements can be identified as an "identity concern" stemming from the elitist structure of liberal democracy. However, due to differences in their interpretation of the "ideal society," these movements differ in their characteristics and implications for the democratic system. The research method of the article is descriptive-analytical, and data is collected based on the study of library resources and online databases.   Keywords: New social movements, Populism, Ideology, Organization and Leadership.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> M.A Student, Political Science, Mazandaran University, Iran. salamegholipor9078@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author:  Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Mazandaran University, Iran. <a href="mailto:m.abbaszadeh@umz.ac.ir">m.abbaszadeh@umz.ac.ir</a> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Associate Professor, Political Science Department, Mazandaran University, Iran. m.ghezel@umz.ac.ir </div> </div>   <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">در دهه&zwnj;&zwnj;&zwnj;&zwnj;&zwnj;&zwnj;&zwnj;های اخیر شاهد ظهور جنبش&zwnj;های اجتماعی مختلف در لیبرال دموکراسیهای غربی بودهایم. این جنبشها ریشه در بحران نمایندگی دارند؛ بحرانی که به شکاف میان خواستههای شهروندان و نهادهای تصمیمگیری در دموکراسیهای نمایندگی اشاره دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی این بحران و تحلیل مقایسهای مشخصههای دو نوع جنبشِ غالب است که در واکنش به بحران یادشده ظاهر شدند. پرسش اصلی مقاله این است که جنبشهای اجتماعی متأخر در لیبرال دموکراسیهای غربی، چه شباهتها و تفاوتهایی با هم دارند. در پاسخ، فرضیه مقاله این است که در شرایطی که نقطه اشتراک جنبشهای اجتماعی جدید و پوپولیستی در غرب را میتوان در واکنش آنها به بحران نمایندگی در نظام نهادیِ دموکراسیهای لیبرال غربی دید، این دو نوع جنبش از منظر ایدئولوژی، سازمان، رهبری و نوع تلقی از جامعه سیاسیِ ایدهآل با هم تفاوت می&zwnj;یابند. برای توجیه این فرضیه، یک چارچوب مفهومی ترکیبی به کار گرفته میشود که ارکان آن عبارتند از: <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">«<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">سیاست هویت<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">»<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> و <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">«<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">دوگانۀ کثرت&zwnj;گرایی و وحدتگرایی<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">»<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">. طبق این چارچوب، رکن مشترک جنبشهای اجتماعی متأخر را میتوان <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">«<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">دغدغه هویتیِ<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">»<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> شناسایی از سوی ساختار نخبه&zwnj;گرایانه لیبرال دموکراسی دانست. در عین حال چون برداشت این جنبشها از <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">«<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">جامعه ایدهآل<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">»<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> با هم تفاوت دارد، به لحاظ مشخصه&zwnj;های جنبشی و نتایجشان برای نظام دموکراتیک با هم تفاوت مییابند. روش تحقیق مقاله به صورت توصیفی - تحلیلی است و دادهها بر اساس مطالعه منابع کتابخانهای و پایگاه&zwnj;های اینترنتی گردآوری میشود.

http://political.ihss.ac.ir/fa/Article/Download/42434