Different societies need to provide growth and development opportunities in order to improve their social and economic conditions. One of the factors affecting the growth and development in any society is the transformation of the country's scientific structures and the More
Different societies need to provide growth and development opportunities in order to improve their social and economic conditions. One of the factors affecting the growth and development in any society is the transformation of the country's scientific structures and the spread of knowledge, and in particular, the human sciences. The Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception to this rule. In order to achieve development and improvement of its social and economic conditions, Iran needs to develop science, especially in the field of human sciences, as the basis of society's transformation. The question that is posed here is how do cognitive factors play a role in the lack of development of the humanities in Iran? The main hypothesis in answering this question is that the weakness of rational political structures based on collective wisdom is one of the most important obstacles to the development of science in Iran in the field of humanities. We used from the New Institutionalism framework to analyze this article, which is a social and political theory. Besides this theory, for the epistemological aspect of analysis, the theory of critical rationalism of Popper will be used.
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The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories rejec More
The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories reject the duality of Democracy-Authoritarianism and try to provide essential concepts for analyzing the regimes which are in the middle of the spectrum. Those regimes have unique features in comparison to Democratic or Authoritarian regimes. To analyze the Islamic Republic of Iran as a political regime and to explain the ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran, the studies of four researchers on “hybrid Regimes” have been used here. Some of the keynotes which have been applied to the current study to discuss the political ups and downs of that specific period are as follows: the importance of political competition, social and political backgrounds of creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a hybrid regime, and finally, the relation between such a regime and rentier economy in Iran. Finally, the article has concluded that the reformist’s earlier progress and their later withdraw and defeat could be considered as “inner dynamics of a hybrid regime” instead of the “the defeated transition to democracy”.
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