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        1 - The Globalized Politics; Restructuration of Political Order in the Sphere of Globalized State
           
        The power of the state that was constituted under the dominant Westphalia system, and characterized by the it’s supreme power according to Hegelian tenets, has changed and decreased due to the globalization process in one hand, and the postmodernism theory in the other More
        The power of the state that was constituted under the dominant Westphalia system, and characterized by the it’s supreme power according to Hegelian tenets, has changed and decreased due to the globalization process in one hand, and the postmodernism theory in the other hand, especially regarding to the citizenship concept and international law. Globalization is such a process that globalizes politics and makes it as a network in a global village and shapes a new public sphere. In this new sphere the citizens are free from the intervention of the power possessing the sole legitimate use of power. Additionally the postmodern theory, that considers the state as one of the actors in the international relations and tries to reshape the forgotten sub-systems, form the new components of the new state. This new state is called globalized state because of the acceptance of deinstitutionalized norms in the international system and deconstruction of inflexible Westphalia system. Accordingly this article, s hypothesis is that, three lines of change, including the non-nationalized state, non stated state and politico-economic institutionalized regimes, all led to the transition of the state to the new form and content named as globalized state. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Transition to democracy and Ethnic Conflict’s Raising and Failing
          Ahmad   
        Ethnic conflict and its related factors is one of the social sciences’ main research areas, especially in the recent decades. Ethnic conflict revolutions’ parallelism with transition process to democratization, especially after 2th half of 20th century, make political s More
        Ethnic conflict and its related factors is one of the social sciences’ main research areas, especially in the recent decades. Ethnic conflict revolutions’ parallelism with transition process to democratization, especially after 2th half of 20th century, make political sociology of ethnic conflicts focus on this scientific scope that what requirements and circumstances can be provided by transition of democracy for revolution of ethical conflicts. The main question is, whether democratization transition and its process, inevitably is concomitant with ethnical conflicts or transition process can provide an opportunity that prevents ethnical conflicts through the promotion of political negotiations in innovative democratic governments? Regarding lack of theoretical researches in this scope, using qualitative analysis, we studied the conditions through which, democratization transition provides a background both for ethnical conflicts’ moderation and also exacerbation. Institutional strategies that prevent ethnical conflicts, ethnic conflicts and democratic processes’ flourishing and authoritarian regimes’ typology across ethnic variation are the present study’s other interesting areas that have been investigated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Consequences and Implications of the Decline of Political Capital
        Ali  Karimi Maleh
        The concept of political capital is a relatively new term in politics. This concept is the intersection of various disciplines so that political stability, social solidarity, and national integration in the vast, complex, and impersonal modern political systems depend o More
        The concept of political capital is a relatively new term in politics. This concept is the intersection of various disciplines so that political stability, social solidarity, and national integration in the vast, complex, and impersonal modern political systems depend on it more than ever. However, despite its fundamental and practical importance, not much independent research has been conducted about it yet in the Persian language. From the perspective of the institutional approach, political capital is a socio-political construct, a contingent, contextual and time-laden phenomenon, whose decline has profound consequences for the political order and stability of societies. With this point in mind, the present article concentrates on this main question, what are the consequences and implications of the decline of political capital? The hypothesis is that the reduction of political capital has multifaceted consequences such as increasing the cost of political transactions, reducing civil participation, increasing corruption, increasing the government's interference, the prevalence of political anomie and disobedience, and the erosion of political legitimacy and its important implication is the necessity of serious changes in various fields of the polity. Inspired by the political institutionalism approach and with a descriptive-analytical method in the combined theoretical framework of Bourdieu and others, this article examines the conceptual dimensions of political capital and the consequences and implications of its decline. Manuscript profile